Cervical Cancer Symptoms, Causes and Treatments in India

The Cervix is the lower part of the uterus, the place where a baby grows during pregnancy. Cervical cancer is caused by a virus called HPV. The virus spreads through sexual contact. Most women’s bodies are able to fight HPV infection. But sometimes the virus leads to cancer. You’re at higher risk if you smoke, have many children, use birth control pills for a long time, or have HIV infection.

Cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms at first. Later, you may have pelvic pain or bleeding from the vagina. It usually takes several years for normal cells in the cervix to turn into cancer cells. Your health care provider can find abnormal cells by doing a Pap test – examining cells from the cervix under a microscope. If there are abnormal cells, you will need a biopsy. By getting regular Pap tests and pelvic exams you can find and treat any problems before they turn into cancer.

Almost all cervical cancer are cuased by HPV(Human papillomaviruses). HPV is common virus that is spread through sexual intercourse. There are many different types of HPV. Some strains lead to cervical cancer. Cervical cancer originates in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus (womb) and opens into the vagina. It arises from the cells present on the surface of the cervix.

Cervical Cancer – Symptoms and Possible Preventive Measures

  • Low backache
  • Pain in the pelvis
  • Exhaustion
  • Excretion of urine or feces through the vagina
  • Single swollen leg
  • Loss of appetite
  • Weight loss

Pre cancerous changes of the cervix and cervical cancer cannot be seen with the naked eyes. special tests and tool are used to spot such conditions. Pap smear screen for pre- cancers and cancers, but do not make a final diagnosis. If abnormal changes are found , the cervix is usually examined under magnification. This is called Colposcopy. Pieces of tissue are surgically removed(Biopsied) during this procedure and sent to a laboratory for examination. cone biopsy can be done.

Treatment of Cervical Cancer at World Class Hospitals in India

Surgery: to remove the cancer. The type of surgery needed depends on the location and extent of cervical cancer and whether you want to have children. There are Various surgeries to treat early cervical cancer are:

  • Laser Surgery: Laser surgery is a procedure that uses a laser beam (a narrow beam of intense light) as a knife to make bloodless cuts in tissue or to remove a surface lesion such as a tumor.
  • Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). In this procedure, Gyneconcologist uses a wire loop to pass electrical current, which cuts diseased tissue from the cervix.
  • Conization: Conization, also called a cone biopsy, is a procedure that is used to remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix and cervical canal. A pathologist will view the tissue under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
  • Hysterectomy: In a hysterectomy, the uterus and cervix are removed. The ovaries and fallopian tubes or pelvic lymph nodes may be taken out during the same operation, but this isn’t a part of every hysterectomy.
  • Lymphadenectomy. In a lymphadenectomy, Gyneconcologist removes the lymph nodes that drain the cervix.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is prescribed to treat cervical cancer and also to help radiation therapy be more effective. Chemotherapy drugs work by killing cancer cells or preventing them from multiplying. Several chemotherapy drugs are available to treat cervical cancer and will be prescribed according to the stage of cancer, type of cervical cancer, and other health factors.

Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high energy beams to reduce the size of a tumor or to kill cancer cells. This type of treatment can be done internally with radioactive materials that are implanted in the uterus or externally with the use of a radiation therapy machines.Often prescribed with chemotherapy, radiation therapy is an effective method of treating cervical cancer. It can however, be prescribed alone or before or after chemotherapy.

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