
DRE. A doctor uses this test to find abnormal parts of the prostate by feeling the area using a finger (see the Risk Factors and Prevention section for more information). It is not very precise; therefore, most men with early prostate cancer have normal DRE test results.
If the PSA or DRE test results are abnormal, the following tests can confirm a diagnosis of cancer:
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). A doctor inserts a probe into the rectum that takes a picture of the prostate using sound waves that bounce off the prostate. This procedure is usually done at the same time as a biopsy (see below).

To find out if cancer has spread outside of the prostate, doctors may perform the imaging tests listed below. Because prostate cancer is unlikely to have spread, many of these tests are not used when a man’s PSA level is only slightly increased. Learn more about when these tests are recommended to find out if the cancer has spread.
Bone scan. A bone scan uses a radioactive tracer to look at the inside of the bones. The tracer is injected into a patient’s vein. It collects in areas of the bone and is detected by a special camera. Healthy bone appears gray to the camera, and areas of injury, such as those caused by cancer, appear dark.
Computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan. A CT scan creates a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body with an x-ray machine. A computer then combines these images into a detailed, cross-sectional view that shows any abnormalities or tumors. A CT scan can also be used to measure the tumor’s size. Generally, a contrast medium (a special dye) is injected into a patient’s vein or given orally (by mouth) to provide better detail.

After these diagnostic tests are done, your doctor will review all of the results with you. If the diagnosis is cancer, these results also help the doctor describe the cancer; this is called staging.
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