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Cervical Discectomy is a popular procedure for effective treatment of neck problems due to disc herniation or disc bulge. Prolapse of intervertebral disc causes compression of spinal nerves and spinal cord in the neck region, resulting in radiating pain numbness and tingling along one or both arms. Cervical Discectomy removes the offending disc fragments or the whole disc thus relieving cord or nerve compression and restoring them to their original shape and size.
The Cervical segment of the human spine consists of 7 cervical vertebrae separated by soft intervertebral discs. These discs provide shock absorption and facilitate neck movements. With age these discs lose their water content due to wear and tear and disintegrate, reducing the intervertebral height. The vertebral body also undergoes degeneration and bony spurs are formed on the under surface of vertebral body along with thickening of facet joints. These disc fragments and osteophytes encroach into the foramen (passage of exiting nerve roots) compressing the nerve roots resulting in pain.
Different Approaches to treat Cervical Discectomy Spine Problem
Anterior Approach: The patient is made to lie down on his back under general anesthesia. A horizontal incision is made just 2 inches above the clavicle on either left or right side. The thin muscle layer is cut and the trachea and esophagus are shifted to one side along with the nerves and vessels. The surgeon has a clear view of the cervical vertebrae. An X-ray is done to confirm the involved disc. An operating microscope can also be used to get a better picture of the operating field. The anterior longitudinal ligament is gently removed to reach the osteophytes and the disc fragments. The osteophytes are scraped off and the intervertebral disc is dissected.
Once the disc is removed the vertebral bodies are gently distracted to their original distance to fill the space with bone graft. This helps to relieve the compression from the nerves as the diameter of the intervertebral foramen is enlarged. Sometimes cervical discectomy is followed by spinal stabilization using screws and plates.
Posterior Approach: The patient is sedated under general anaesthesia and made to lie on his abdomen. The neck is slightly bent and head is supported on the head rest. An incision is made on the back of the neck in the midline. The skin, fascia and muscles are retraced to reach the vertebrae. An X-ray is done to confirm the level of affected disc. Edges of the lamina are shaved off to give a clearer vision. Incase of central herniation, both lamina may have to be removed in order to get full view of the fragmented disc.
The posterior longitudinal ligament is incised and a small hole is made in the ligamentum flavum. The surgeon now uses a surgical microscope to magnify the operating area and the disc fragments and bony spurs are carefully removed. The muscles fascia and skin are stitched back together.
Comprehensive Spine Surgery and Treatment at World Class Neurosurgery Hospitals in India:
- Dedicated team of International trained and vastly experienced Spine Surgeons, Rheumatologists, Neurologist, Physicians and Physiotherapist.
- Latest Generation Diagnostic and Imaging facilities including dynamic digital X rays, Spiral CT scanning , MRI and Electrophysiology unit all under one roof.
- Use of most advanced Surgical techniques for treatment of spinal ailments with focus on Minimal Access Micro Endoscopic spine surgeries, Functional spine preservation techniques and Spinal Arthroplasty for all( disc diseases) as well as instrumentation. Minimally Invasive Surgery ensures quicker recovery and return to active life.
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation by experts after the surgery help you regain functional abilities quickly helping in vastly improved overall results.
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